Setting up squid proxy server on Ubuntu (Quick Start Guide)

Squid is an internet proxy server that can be used within a network to distribute an internet connection to all the computers within the network. One central computer is connected to the internet through any means such as dial-up, cable modem, ISDN, DSL, or T1, runs squid, and thus acts as the firewall to the internet. Because it is a proxy, it has the capabilities to log all user actions such as the URLs visited. There are many features that can be configured in squid. This guide is meant to be a quick start guide for those who are eager to get squid working and then configure it from there.

You can also install and configure squid as a cache server on the local individual machine for speeding up your internet access.

Install Squid
Open up the terminal and type the following command to install squid:
sudo apt-get install squid

Squid Configuration
Open the squid.conf file for editing using command:
gksudo gedit /etc/squid/squid.conf

Find the http_port tag, By default it reads
# http_port 3128

This is the default port that Squid will listen on for requests. If you want to change it, uncomment the line and set the correct port. If you want Squid to listen only on one specific NIC, you can also change the IP address – for example : 192.168.1.5:3128

Next, find the http_access section Uncomment these 2 lines:
acl our_networks src 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24
http_access allow our_networks

NOTE: You'll need to change 192.168.1.0/24 to match your network. Unless you have a second subnet you can delete 192.168.2.0/24

With above change, the basic squid configuration is done, you can now start/stop the squid server using command: sudo /etc/init.d/squid start|restart|stop

Configuring squid Clients
To configure any application including a web browser to use squid, modify the proxy setting with the IP address of the squid server and the port number that you have specified in the squid configuration file (default 3128).

Below example showing the Firefox configuration for using squid proxy server running on ip address 192.168.1.2 and port 3128.

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Configuring Static Network Settings (IP address, netmask, and gateway) in Ubuntu Linux

Static IP Address Assignment
To configure your system to use a static IP address assignment, add the static method to the inet address  statement for the appropriate interface in the file /etc/network/interfaces. The example below assumes you are configuring your first Ethernet interface identified as eth0. Change the address, netmask, and gateway values to meet the requirements of your network.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1

By adding an interface configuration as shown above, you can manually enable the interface through the ifup command: sudo ifup eth0

To manually disable the interface, you can use the ifdown command: sudo ifdown eth0

DNS Client Configuration
To configure your system to use DNS for name resolution, add the IP addresses of the DNS servers that are appropriate for your network in the file /etc/resolv.conf. You can also add an optional DNS suffix search-lists to match your network domain names.

Below is an example of a typical configuration of /etc/resolv.conf for a server on the domain "example.com" and using two Google public DNS servers.

search example.com
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

If you have multiple domains you wish to search, your configuration might look like the following.

search example.com sales.example.com dev.example.com
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

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How to install RealPlayer on Ubuntu Linux

RealPlayer is a closed source cross-platform media player by RealNetworks that plays a number of multimedia formats including MP3, MPEG-4, QuickTime, Windows Media, and multiple versions of proprietary RealAudio and RealVideo formats.

Note: The .deb package currently available from the RealNetworks site is a 32-bit build of RealPlayer. The .deb file available from the Medibuntu repository will run on 64-bit systems.

Installing RealPlayer:
Add the Medibuntu Repositories, RealPlayer is available through the Medibuntu non-free repository.

The following command will register the Medibuntu repository with your system's Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) and import the Medibuntu keyring. The command should be run in the Terminal (Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal). The command is not release specific - it will determine which version of Ubuntu is running and install the appropriate repositories.

sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/`lsb_release -cs`.list --output-document=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list
sudo apt-get -q update
sudo apt-get --yes -q --allow-unauthenticated install medibuntu-keyring
sudo apt-get -q update

A line similar to the following will be created in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list. The entry will reflect the codename of the Ubuntu release you are currently using.

Open the Terminal via Applications > Accessories > Terminal.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install realplayer

The default installation location is /opt/real/RealPlayer.

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How to Install / Configure / Use μTorrent Server on Linux system

µTorrent Server is designed for use on computers running Linux and other UNIX-like operating systems. It provides a state-of-the-art implementation of the BitTorrent protocol and a full-featured web-based user interface in a small footprint.

μTorrent server is a daemonizable 32-bit binary of the µTorrent core, built for x86 compatible Linux. It can be managed programmatically via an HTTP API or interactively by using the (included) customized version of the popular uTorrent Web user interface.

µTorrent Server is a full implementation of the official BitTorrent protocol.
Features include:
 * Web-based remote control daemon
 * Multiple simultaneous downloads
 * Configurable bandwidth scheduler
 * Global and per-torrent speed limiting
 * Quick-resumes interrupted transfers
 * Trackerless support (Mainline DHT)

Additionally, µTorrent Server includes a full-featured web-based user interface.

Installation and Configuration of µTorrent Server:
 * Download µTorrent Server for Linux from here.
 * Extract the downloaded package using command:

tar zxvf utorrent-server-3.0-21701.tar.gz
cd bittorrent-server-v3_0/

 * Create µTorrent server configuration file bittorrent-server-v3_0/utserver.conf and put the following settings into this configuration file:

dir_temp_files: temp
preferred_interface: eth0

Starting uTorrent server:
Open up the terminal and type following command to start the µTorrent server:

cd bittorrent-server-v3_0/
./utserver

This will start the  µTorrent server on port 8080 (default), users can access the µTorrent web client from any browser using URL: http://<µTorrent ip address>:8080/gui

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Utility to Convert any Video to iPod, iPod Touch and iPhone MP4 Compatible Format - Furius iConverter

Furius iConverter is a simple GTK interface provides users with a convenient front-end for converting any FFMpeg-supported video format into iPod/iPhone friendly MP4.

Furius iConverter feature:
 * Easy to use
 * Converts any video
 * No configuration needed
 * Supports drag and drop
 * Supports batch conversion
 * Automatically creates high quality videos for your device
 * Automatically fixes codec errors
 * Automatically detects source video aspect ratio and converts appropriately

Please note:
Some distributions come with  a cut down version of ffmpeg and you may need to compile from source.
For Ubuntu users you can enable the Medibuntu repositories and download a fully working version by issuing the following commands:

sudo wget –output-document=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/$(lsb_release -cs).list && sudo apt-get –quiet update && sudo apt-get –yes –quiet –allow-unauthenticated install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get –quiet update
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg libavcodec-extra-52

Ubuntu users:
Download  furiusiconverter_0.1.1.0_all.deb and install by double click on the downloaded .deb file.
You can find Furius iConverter under  Sound & Video

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Retrieve mail from Yahoo!'s webmail service - FetchYahoo

FetchYahoo is a Perl script that downloads mail from a Yahoo! account to a local mail spool. It is meant to replace fetchmail for people using Yahoo! mail since Yahoo!'s POP service is no longer free. It downloads messages to a local mail spool, including all parts and attachments. It then deletes messages unless requested not to. It can also optionally forward messages to a specified email address and repeat with a given interval.

NOTE: Fetchyahoo will only work if you have selected the all-new Yahoo web interface as your default. You can find out how to switch to the new Yahoo here.

Installing and using FetchYahoo:
    * Download the package and uncompress it : tar -xvzf fetchyahoo-x.y.tar.gz
    * cd fetchyahoo-x.y ; chmod a+rx fetchyahoo
    * Edit fetchyahoo
     OR copy fetchyahoorc to /etc/fetchyahoorc or ~/.fetchyahoorc and edit that
     OR just run fetchyahoo from the commandline
         (use --help to see all options).
    * Use your mail client to get mail from your spool or mbox file.

Options specified on the commandline take precedence over options specified in the configuration file, which in turn take precedence over ons hardcoded within the fetchyahoo program file.

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Simple GUI application to manage ISO, IMG, BIN, MDF and NRG Image files - Furius ISO Mount

Furius ISO Mount is a simple Gtk+ Interface to Mount and Manage ISO, IMG, BIN, MDF and NRG Image files without burning to disk.

An ISO, IMG, BIN, MDF and NRG Image management utility.

Furius ISO Mount features:
 * Automatically Mounts ISO, IMG, BIN, MDF and NRG Image Files.
 * Supports the ISO-13346 “UDF” file system specification when using the loop mount option.
 * Automatically creates a mount point in your home directory.
 * Automatically Unmounts the Image files.
 * Automatically removes the mount directory to return your home directory to its previous state.
 * Automatically saves the history of the last 10 images mounted.
 * Mounts multiple images.
 * Burn ISO and IMG Files to optical disk.
 * Generate Md5 and SHA1 checksums.
 * Automatically retrieves any previously unmounted images.
 * Automatically generates a log file of all commands needed to mount and unmount images manually.

Installation:
Ubunutu user can install Furius ISO Mount using command: sudo apt-get install furiusisomount

OpenSUSE:
Packaman provides a 1-click Install file to install “Furius ISO Mount”.
Click here to download and open with YaST2 package manager to install “Furius ISO Mount” in openSUSE.

After successful installation go to Application > System Tools and click on "Furius ISO Mount" to open up the application

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GNOME Theme Manager for Ubuntu Linux - Epidermis

Epidermis changes the appearance of your GNOME desktop in all its aspects in one click. Epidermis 'skins' change the appearance of your desktop wallpaper, Metacity windows border theme, your GTK+ controls theme, your icon theme, your mouse cursor theme, your GRUB bootsplash screen and your GDM login screen theme. Each of these customizations are downloaded in 'pigments' which are available from an Epidermis 'repository'.

An Epidermis skin handles the following themes, called pigments:
 * Wallpapers
 * Metacity window border themes
 * GTK widget themes
 * Icon sets
 * GNOME splash images
 * Mouse cursor themes
 * Grub bootsplash screen
 * Usplash bootsplash screen
 * GDM login screen

Installation:

Download the latest version of epidermis_0.5.2-1_all.deb, double click the downloaded .deb file to install the epidermis, after successful installation you can find epidermis under Application > System Tools

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Utility for creating installers. DEB - Ubucompilator

Ubucompilator is a very simply tool to compile a software by the source code and make a .deb package. Ubucompilator is designed for debian's distro derivates. Ubucompilator is the substitute in the compilation process of software of the terminal. After the software's compilation, you can create a .deb package for install the software just compiled in your ubuntu's (linux mint, debian and relative derivates). Ubucompilator is a free software released undere GNU GPL v3.

Ubucompilator Features:

 * Compile  software

 * Create .deb packages

 * Unpack the source code by the unziptool

Ubucompilator Installation:

Download the Ubucompilator deb file.

Install Ubucompilator with a double click on the icon or install ubucompilator using command:

sudo dpkg -i ubucompilator_0.1.2-1_all.deb

After successful installation you can find the Ubucompilator under Application > Others

How to compile and install the software from source code using command line - check here

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Text Encryption utility using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) - Furius Cipher

Furius Cipher is a simple text encryption utility using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).

Here are some key features of "Furius Cipher":
 * US Government standard text encryption.
 * Supports UTF8 character encoding.
 * Text can be loaded from and saved to files.

Installation:
Ubuntu Users can download the deb file from here, double click the download .deb file to install.

Create a launcher for Gnome user:
 * Right-click on the gnome panel (the taskbar at the top of the screen) and choose “Add to Panel”
 * Select “Custom Application Launcher” and fill in these values:

Type: Application
Name: Furius Cipher
Command: furiuscipher

 * You can also select an icon to use with the launcher.
 * Click “OK” to save the changes

Click the new launcher to start.

Other Users can Compile from the source file furiuscipher-1.0.0.tar.gz
 * wget http://www.marcus-furius.com/files/FuriusCipher/furiuscipher-1.0.0.tar.gz
 * tar xzvf furiuscipher-1.0.0.tar.gz
 * cd furiuscipher-1.0.0
 * ./configure
 * make
 * su -c "make install"

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Converts many CD-ROM image (BIN, MDF, PDI, CDI, NRG, and B5I) formats to ISO9660 - Iat

Iat (Iso9660 Analyzer Tool) is a tool for detecting the structure of many types of CD-ROM image file formats, such as BIN, MDF, PDI, CDI, NRG, and B5I, and  converting them into ISO-9660.

Installation:
It’s included in the Debian repositories, so install it using apt-get install iat, or install it using the synaptic software management tool and use it like in the following

Other can compile and install the iat package, open up the terminal and type following command:

wget http://www.ohloh.net/p/iat/download?filename=iat-0.1.7.tar.bz2
bunzip2 iat-0.1.7.tar.bz2
cd iat
./configure && make && sudo make install

Using iat:
Convert MDF-image to ISO9660: iat my_image.mdf my_new_image.iso
Convert NGR to ISO9660: iat cd_image.nrg cd_image.iso
Convert BIN-image to ISO9660: iat my_image.bin > my_new_image.iso

Write CD directly from MDF-format: iat my_image.mdf | cdrecord

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How to perform sha256sum check on Ubuntu Linux

The program sha256sum is designed to verify data integrity using the SHA-256 (SHA-2 family with a digest length of 256 bits). SHA-256 hashes used properly can confirm both file integrity and authenticity.

Comparing hashes makes it possible to detect changes in files that would cause errors. The possibility of changes (errors) is proportional to the size of the file; the possibility of errors increase as the file becomes larger. It is a very good idea to run an SHA-256 hash comparison check when you have a file like an operating system install CD that has to be 100% correct.

Most Linux distributions come with the sha256sum utility (on Ubuntu it is part of the coreutils package). We are going to use the OpenSuSe 11.3 ISO file for the following example:

Check the iso file
First open a terminal and go to the correct directory to check a downloaded iso file:
Then run the following command from within the download directory.

sha256sum Linux.iso
sha256sum should then print out a single line after calculating the hash:

35ad366043bd80bbf5dcab5089f46a3efd142fd132b4423343f716ae0177fd86  Linux.iso

Compare the hash (the alphanumeric string on left) that your machine calculated with the corresponding hash in the SHA256SUMS file.

When both hashes match exactly then the downloaded file is almost certainly intact. If the hashes do not match, then there was a problem with either the download or a problem with the server. You should download the file again from either the same mirror, or from a different mirror if you suspect a server error.

Check here to know how to perform md5 checksum.

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Utility to recover deleted files from an ext3 or ext4 Linux partition - Extundelete

Extundelete is a utility that can recover deleted files from an ext3 or ext4 partition. The ext3 file system is the most common file system when using Linux, and ext4 is its successor. extundelete uses the information stored in the partition's journal to attempt to recover a file that has been deleted from the partition. There is no guarantee that any particular file will be able to be undeleted, so always try to have a good backup system in place, or at least put one in place after recovering your files!

Download and Install Extundelete:
Download the latest version of Extundelete - here

To compile and install Extundelete, you should first install the binary and development packages for e2fsprogs and e2fslibs.  You must also have a C++ compiler and a make utility to compile extundelete.
Go to terminal and type following command to install Extundelete:

tar -xjf extundelete-0.2.0.tar.bz2

cd extundelete-0.2.0

./configure

make

The extundelete program may be run as-is from the build directory, or you may wish to install it to a directory that is shared with other executable programs, which you may do by running the following command: make install

Using extundelete:
Assume you have deleted a file called /home/user/an/important/file. Also assume the output of the 'mount' command shows this line (among others):

/dev/sda3 on /home type ext3 (rw)

This line shows that the /home directory is on the partition named /dev/sda3, so then run: 
umount /dev/sda3 and check that it is now unmounted by running the mount command again and seeing it is not listed.Now, with this information, run extundelete:
# extundelete /dev/sda3 --restore-file user/an/important/file

If you have deleted the directory 'important', you can run: 
# extundelete /dev/sda3 --restore-directory user/an/important

Or if you have deleted everything, you can run: 
# extundelete /dev/sda3 --restore-all

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Detecting Rootkits in Ubuntu system using Chkrootkit and Rkhunter

A rootkit is a program or set of programs used by an intruder to both hide their presence on a computer system and allow future access to that same system. A rootkit will usually either manipulate the data set the operating system relies on, or alter the execution flow of the operating system.

It is important you realize that rootkits are designed to be very stealth, meaning they are difficult to find or detect by normal means. Many rootkits have been so well written that their presence can go undetected for years. They are written by experienced individuals with an advanced level of programming knowledge far above that of the average virus or malware writer. A rootkit is not an exploit. It is what an attacker uses after an initial exploit to allow future undetected access to a compromised computer.

Chkrootkit:
chkrootkit is a tool to locally check for signs of a rootkit. It contains a chkrootkit: shell script that checks system binaries for rootkit modification.

Installation:
Open up the terminal and type the following command to install chkrootkit:

$ sudo apt-get install chkrootkit

Using chkrootkit:
Open up the terminal and type the command: $ sudo chkrootkit
This will perform all tests

Other Configurations:
If you want an automatic daily run of chkrootkit:
Open /etc/chkrootkit.conf and Replace RUN_DAILY="false" by RUN_DAILY="true"

If you also want a daily mailed report :
Open /etc/cron.daily/chkrootkit and replace '$CHKROOTKIT $RUN_DAILY_OPTS' by

'$CHKROOTKIT $RUN_DAILY_OPTS | mail -s '"\"Daily chkrootkit run from $HOSTNAME \"$YOUR_EMAIL_ADDRESS"'

Rkhunter:
Rootkit Hunter scans files and systems for known and unknown rootkits, backdoors, sniffers, and malware. The application consists of the main shell script, a few text-based databases, and optional Perl scripts. It can recognise and run external applications like 'skdet' and 'unhide'. It should run on almost every Unix clone.

Installation:
Open up the terminal and type the following command to install Rkhunter:

$ sudo apt-get install Rkhunter

Using Rkhunter:
Open up the terminal and type the command: $ sudo rkhunter --check
This will perform all tests

By default, the log file '/var/log/rkhunter.log' will be created. It will contain the results of the checks made by Rkhunter

The following command option causes rkhunter to check and download the later version of any of its text data files: $ sudo rkhunter --update

To see what other options can be used with rkhunter, enter: $ sudo rkhunter --help

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Various Linux Distro Stickers

Contains powered by stickers for following Linux distro ..

 - Arch Linux
 - Ubuntu
 - Debian
 - openSuSe
 - Linux Mint
 - CentOS
 - Mandriva
 - Kubuntu
 - Fedora
 - Gentoo
 - Puppy Linux
 - XUbuntu

Download stickers here

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How to block Messenger (Yahoo, Trillian, Skype , MSN , ICQ, Gizmo, AOL) using squid

AOL Instant Messenger (AIM)
Note: AOL are known to change their Server IPs. The list below cannot be confirmed.

# AOL
acl aol dst 64.12.200.89/32 64.12.161.153/32 64.12.161.185/32
acl aol dst 205.188.153.121/32 205.188.179.233/32
http_access deny aol

Gizmo Project:
Gizmo Project include software to connect to a wide range of messaging protocols and VoIP services.

# Gizmo Project
acl gizmo dstdomain .gizmoproject.com
# Gizmo VoIP
acl gizmo dstdomain .talqer.com .gizmocall.com .fring.com
# Gizmo Chat
acl gizmo dstdomain .pidgin.im
http_access deny gizmo

ICQ ("I Seek You")

# ICQ
acl icq dstdomain .icq.com
http_access deny icq

MSN Messenger and Windows Live Messenger

# MSN Messenger
acl msn urlpath_regex -i gateway.dll
acl msnd dstdomain messenger.msn.com gateway.messenger.hotmail.com
acl msn1 req_mime_type application/x-msn-messenger

http_access deny msnd
http_access deny msn
http_access deny msn1

Skype

# Skype
acl numeric_IPs dstdom_regex ^(([0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)|(\[([0-9af]+)?:([0-9af:]+)?:([0-9af]+)?\])):443
acl Skype_UA browser ^skype^

http_access deny numeric_IPS
http_access deny Skype_UA

Note: Recent releases of Skype have been evading the above restriction by not sending their User-Agent headers and using domain names. The following can be used to catch those installs, but be aware it will likely also catch other agents.

acl validUserAgent browser \S+
http_access deny !validUserAgent

Trillian

# Trillian
acl trillian dst 66.216.70.167/32
http_access deny trillian

Yahoo! Messenger

# Yahoo! Messenger
acl ym dstdomain .messenger.yahoo.com .psq.yahoo.com
acl ym dstdomain .us.il.yimg.com .msg.yahoo.com .pager.yahoo.com
acl ym dstdomain .rareedge.com .ytunnelpro.com .chat.yahoo.com
acl ym dstdomain .voice.yahoo.com

acl ymregex url_regex yupdater.yim ymsgr myspaceim

# Other protocols Yahoo!Messenger uses ??
acl ym dstdomain .skype.com .imvu.com

http_access deny ym
http_access deny ymregex

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What is VPS Web Hosting & Who Will Benefit From It?

Virtual Private Server (VPS) web hosting is a form of hosting where a single server is divided in such that each partition is able to work like a dedicated server.  It's fundamentally a combination of        shared and dedicated hosting.  This makes it a great alternative to the two extremes in which you get an abundant amount of independent resources that shared hosting cannot provide, but at a fraction of the cost of having a fully dedicated server.

With the technology of virtual software enabling the creation of virtual private servers, each VPS can independently have its own operating system, and resources like RAM and disk space; with few shared aspects as CPU.  This makes a VPS ideal for website owners who need the extra, more reliable resources that can handle things such as site expansion, high traffic to their blog, e-commerce and so on, without having to make constant upgrades.  Moreover, VPS hosting would be very ideal for business owners who want complete control over their site with the provided independent operating system that gives extensive administrative rights to the user.

Even more benefits of VPS web hosting include:

Email Server
You have your access to your own email server that handles only email from your domain, which gives you more control, increased performance and provides additional security.  In addition, since the email will be coming from your own unique IP address, it also helps ensure proper delivery.

Root/SSH Access
With a VPS you get “server-level customization,” which was previously only available with dedicated hosting due to security reasons.  In addition, you can utilize the command line access and have the option of operating as the root user if you've got the experience to do so.

Burstable Memory for Unpredictable Usage Spikes
If your goal is to gain more traffic to your website, then you should definitely be prepared for it.  Let's say that the popularity of your blog is on the rise.  In addition, links to your website are added to larger ones like Digg or Slashdot.  On a shared server, this can become a major disaster that can quickly cripple your website.  But on a VPS, this wouldn't be much of a problem with the availability of “burstable memory,” which is a  pool of reserved memory that's available when needed, such as in times of very high traffic.

Security
With a VPS from a good hosting company, you should have full control over the firewall and can customize it to fit your needs. You dictate what services are accessible by what IP addresses. For example, you can restrict access to sensitive areas (such as the control panel) to specific IP addresses, so that only someone in your office can get access to these areas.

Conclusion
VPS hosting offers many advantages such as greater control, a higher level of security, and superior performance for high traffic and resource-intensive websites. It's a great option for small and medium-sized businesses or popular bloggers, and provides excellent value on a modest budget.

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What does Ubuntu means?

Ubuntu is a South African ethical ideology focusing on people's allegiances and relations with each other. The word comes from the Zulu and Xhosa languages. Ubuntu is seen as a traditional African concept, is regarded as one of the founding principles of the new republic of South Africa and is connected to the idea of an African Renaissance.

A rough translation of the principle of Ubuntu is "humanity towards others". Another translation could be: "The belief in a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity".

"A person with ubuntu is open and available to others, affirming of others, does not feel threatened that others are able and good, for he or she has a proper self-assurance that comes from knowing that he or she belongs in a greater whole and is diminished when others are humiliated or diminished, when others are tortured or oppressed."

 -- Archbishop Desmond Tutu

As a platform based on Free software, the Ubuntu operating system brings the spirit of ubuntu to the software world.

The Ubuntu project is entirely committed to the principles of free software development; people are encouraged to use free software, improve it,and pass it on.

"Free software" doesn't mean that you shouldn't have to pay for it (although Ubuntu is committed to being free of charge as well). It means that you should be able to use the software in any way you wish: the code that makes up free software is available for anyone to download, change, fix, and use in any way. Alongside ideological benefits, this freedom also has technical advantages: when programs are developed, the hard work of others can be used and built upon. With non-free software, this cannot happen and when programs are developed, they have to start from scratch. For this reason the development of free software is fast, efficient and exciting!

You can find out more about free software and the ideological and technical philosophy behind it at the GNU website.

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Monitor bandwidth consumption per process - NetHogs

NetHogs is a small 'net top' tool. Instead of breaking the traffic down per protocol or per subnet, like most tools do, it groups bandwidth by process. NetHogs does not rely on a special kernel module to be loaded. If there's suddenly a lot of network traffic, you can fire up NetHogs and immediately see which PID is causing this. This makes it easy to indentify programs that have gone wild and are suddenly taking up your bandwidth.

NetHogs Installation:
Fedora user can install NetHogs using command: yum install nethogs
Ubuntu user can install NetHogs using command: sudo apt-get install nethogs

Using NetHogs:
The default device to monitor is eth0. If you wish to use other device, simply type the argument after nethog, open the terminal and run the following command: nethogs eth0

When nethogs is running, press:
 q: quit
 m: switch between total and kb/s mode

usage: nethogs [-V] [-b] [-d seconds] [-t] [-p] [device [device [device ...]]]
-V : prints version.
-d : delay for update refresh rate in seconds. default is 1.
-t : tracemode.
-b : bughunt mode - implies tracemode.
-p : sniff in promiscious mode (not recommended).

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Graphical tool to Download and Convert YouTube Videos - CaC

CaC (Catch and Converter) is a simple graphical program that converts videos from Videosites like Youtube, Google Videos, etc .. It's pretty simple to use, just copy the link of the video to download, choose the place for download and the output format.

For most profiles to work, it is necessary to have the unstripped version of the libavcodec in the multiverse repository, which can be obtained by installing ubuntu-restricted-extras or kubuntu-restricted-extras or xubuntu-restricted-extras as suggested by this package.

Download and Install CaC: 
Ubuntu user can download CaC from here and can install it using your package manager.
Once installed, you can find it in Applications> Sound & Video> CaC - Catch and Convert.

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